Background: Phenomenon of addiction as one of the social problem have the high prevalence, especially among youth. Study and scientific cognition of mental and psychological components of addicts is very important in order to help them to compatibility and reduce their psychological problem. Therefore, the aim of present study was to comparison of mindfulness components on stimulant and opiate addicts.Materials & Methods: In this study 60 addicts (30 opiate addicts and 30 stimulants addicts) were studied by using Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).Results: findings showed that there was a significant difference between opiate and stimulant addicts in mindfulness components.Conclusion: results illustrated that the opiate addicts gained higher scores than stimulant addicts in mindfulness components. The results also emphasized that mindfulness components are as determinant variable in opiate and stimulant addicts pathology.

Objective: This study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy based on quality of life in improving opiate addicts’ quality of life.Method: A quasi experimental research design long with control group and pre-test, post-test and follow-up was employed for the conduct of this study. All the opiate addicts referring to treatment centers of Ardebil city in 2013 constituted the statistical population of the study and the number of 36 participants was selected as the sample via purposive sampling and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Quality-of-life-based psychotherapy was conducted on the experimental group in 8 sessions while the control group received no intervention. Quality of life questionnaire was used for data collection purposes.Results: The results suggested the effectiveness of the intervention in quality of life.Conclusion: This intervention, which is formed from the combination positive psychology and cognitive-behavioral approach, can be used as an effective treatment method.

Individuals with psycho-personalit"y characteristics such as low tolerance, haplessness, antisocial behaviors, inferiority complex, dependence, sever anxiety and so on have a good background for addiction. This survey was perfumed to determine characteristic personality of addicts in Zahedan rehabilitation center. In this study 132 individuals from rehabilitation center were tested by filling a questionnaire during a clinical interview and for evaluating its scientific validity, content and Prediction validity methods were used and its scientific reliability was verified during a, test-retest Procedure. Data analysis was, done by descriptive and analytical statistics. On, .the basis of this research, most the opiate addicts had 18-25 years old and had not finished "high school, whose addictions started in early age. In this study, 88% of participants had more than one time of withdrawn from addiction and 40.9% had a psychiatric visit ant{ 12% had previous history of hospitalization in psychiatric wards. Referring to present results, the most prevalent traits were borderline personality, narcissistic and antisocial personality, respectively. In tesied persons. 47.4% had all three kinds of above mentioned traits mid 9% had none of them

Objective: Craving for substance abuse is a usual and complicated problem in patients, with opioid addiction who are in opioid detoxifying process. Craving has been added as one of the diagnostic criteria of substance use disorders in DSM-5. The present trial aimed at comparing the effects of celecoxib versus ibuprofen in reducing pain and decreasing the desire to use opiates in patients undergoing opiate detoxification (n = 32). Method: A total of 32 patients (both inpatients and outpatients), who were undergoing opiate detoxification procedure and met the inclusion criteria entered this 4-week study. Participants who suffered from pain due to opiate withdrawal were randomized into 2 groups: Group 1 received celecoxib 200 milligrams once per day and group 2 received ibuprofen 400 milligrams 4 times per day. Self-reported Desire for Drug Questionnaire (DDQ) and 0-10 numeric pain scale were used at baseline and at the end of the study to evaluate changes in opiate craving and pain, respectively. Data analysis was done by SPSS-21 statistical software. Results: In this study, 16 patients received celecoxib 200 milligrams once daily, and 16 received ibuprofen 400 milligrams 4 times daily. After 4 weeks of treatment with both ibuprofen and celecoxib, the results revealed that celecoxib and ibuprofen equally reduced the pain symptoms. After 4 weeks of treatment, with either ibuprofen or celecoxib, significant improvement was observed in decreasing the craving in the celecoxib group, but not in the ibuprofen group. Conclusion: The study revealed a significant difference between the celecoxib and ibuprofen group in reducing craving in patients with opiate craving after 4 weeks of treatment. However there were no significant differences between these two groups in reducing pain.

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on decrease craving and relapse prevention in opiate addicts. Method this study is a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group design. The statistical population of the study was all male patients with a variety of opiate addiction Admitted to quitting addiction in psychiatric ward of Shahid Madani hospital in Khoy city In the fall of 2018. From this population, a sample of 30 people was selected by purposeful sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Data collection tools were included questionnaires of desire for drug (DDQ) & relapse prediction scale (RPS). Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis in SPSS program. Results data analysis showed that positive psychotherapy resulted in significant difference between groups in craving (h2=0. 800) and relapse prediction (h2=0. 622) in opiate addicts. Conclusion regarding the results, it can be argued that positive psychotherapy has been effective in decreasing craving and relapse prevention in opiate addicts.

Objectives: This study is carried out with the aim of assessing the relationship between craving and impulsivity factors in three main groups of opiate addicts [heroin, crack-heroin (locally known, purified crystaline heroin), and opium]. Method: 77 opiate users in 3 groups [37 heroin intravenous (IV) abusers, 17 crack smokers and 23 opium smokers] were selected using a semi-structured interview and based on dependency criteria of Diagnositic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV), from treatment waiting list of Iranian National Center for Clinics Addiction Studies. At first, demographic information was collected from each subject. Computerized version of Barratt and Zuckerman Scales, and Eysenck and Dickman questionnaires were used to assess different aspects of impulsivity. Craving was assessed through a computerized visual cue task for opiate addicts (heroin, heroin-crack, and opium).Results: Results show higher scores in motor and dysfunctional impulsivity among heroin IV abusers than opium smokers and higher experience seeking and boredom susceptibility in heroincrack smokers. Higher craving was correlated with higher scores in non-planning, motor and cognitive impulsivity, and total Barratt score. Craving scores were negatively correlated with age and functional impulsivity and positively correlated with the total score on Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Conclusion: Personality features can be important predictive factors for craving severity in addicts. This can help to choose an appropriate treatment and the control of craving which is the most important factor leading to relapse in substance abuse.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based mindfulness on brain-behavioral systems and emotional regulation of opiate addicts. The research method was a pretest-posttest with control group and the statistical population included male addicted patients who referred to the Besharat Tabriz addiction treatment center during the winter of 2018. Among them, 30 who had inclusion criteria for the treatment plan were purposefully selected as sample and randomly assigned to two groups of 15 controls and experimental. Both groups responded initially to the behavioral inhibition and activation system of Carver and White (1994) and the emotional regulation of Gross and John (2003) questionnaires. The experimental group then participated in cognitive therapy based mindfulness sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention.. Then the questionnaires were re-completed by both groups. Finally, the data from the groups were prepared for analysis. The results of covariance analysis showed that cognitive therapy based mindfulness therapy increased behavioral inhibition rates and decreased behavioral activation scores. The results of covariance analysis showed that the mean of emotional regulation in the post-test in the experimental group was significantly increased compared to the control group. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that cognitive therapy based mindfulness therapy is effective on behavioral brain systems and emotional regulation of opiate addicts.

Objective: This study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy on improvement of quality of life in opiate patients under methadone maintenance treatment.Method: This was a semi experimental study using control group also pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Thirty six patients on MMT were selected between the entire opiate addicts referred to Iranian national center for addiction studies within judgmental sampling and were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. They were all administered the WHOQOL-BREF. In experimental group, cognitive behavior group therapy was performed in 8 sessions and the control group was registered in the waiting list for the CBGT.Findings: Data analysis revealed that the mean WHOQOL-BREF score in the experimental group had significant higher increase when compared with that of the control group. But it wasn’t significant in follow up.Conclusion: Results demonstrated the effectiveness of cognitive–behavior group therapy on improvement of quality of life of opiate addicts on MMT in short term but didn’t seem to be effective in long term.